@Book{Abelson:1996,
  author =	"Harold Abelson and Gerald Jay Sussman and Julie Sussman",
  title =	"Structure and interpretation of computer programs",
  publisher =	"MIT Press",
  year =	"1996",
  address =	 {Cambridge, Mass.},
  annote =      "The following book is a classic on how to design and
                  implement interpreted languages, including LISP:"
}

@incollection{Arbib66b,
 author		= {Arbib, M. A.},
 title		= {Self-Reproducing Automata---Some Implications for
		  Theoretical Biology},
 booktitle	= {Towards a theoretical biology},
 volume		= 2,
 editor		= {Waddington, C. H.},
 publisher	= {Edinburgh University Press},
 address        = "Edinburgh",
 pages		= {204--226},
 year		= 1966
}

@Article{Arneodo80,
  author =       "A. Arneodo and P. Coullet and C. Tresser",
  title =        "Occurrence of strange attractors in three-dimensional
                 {V}olterra equations.",
  journal =      "Phys. Lett. A",
  volume =       "79A",
  number =       "4",
  pages =        "259--63",
  year =         "1980",
  keywords =     "dimension, strange attractor, Volterra"
}

@Book{Ashby66,
  author = 	 {W. Ross Ashby},
  title = 	 {An introduction to cybernetics},
  publisher = 	 {John Wiley \& Sons},
  year = 	 1966,
  address =	 {New York}
}

@Book{Awad:1996,
  author =	"Elias M. Awad",
  title =	"Building expert systems: {P}rinciples, procedures,
                 and applications",
  publisher =	"West/Wadsworth",
  address =     "Minneapolis/St.Paul",
  year =	"1996"
}

@article{Axelrod81,
 author		= {Axelrod, R. and Hamilton, W. D.},
 title		= {The Evolution of Cooperation},
 journal	= {Science},
 volume		= 211,
 number         = "4489",
 pages		= {1390--1396},
 year		= 1981,
 annote		= {A classic paper on the evolution of
		  altruistic behavior which won {\em Science}
		  magazine's `best paper of the year' award.}}

@book{Axelrod84,
 author		= {Axelrod, R.},
 title		= {The evolution of cooperation},
 publisher	= {Basic Books},
 address	= {New York},
 year		= 1984,
 annote		= {A fine treatment of the selective value of
		  cooperation. Includes a chapter on the iterated
		  prisoner's dilemma and the results of a computer
		  contest organized by Axelrod to test strategies for
		  dealing with the dilemma.}}

@BOOK{BRY69,
	AUTHOR = {A. E.~Bryson and Y. C.~Ho},
	TITLE = {Applied optimal control},
	PUBLISHER = {Blaisdell},
	YEAR = {1969},
	ADDRESS = {New York}
}


@Book{BaiLin84,
 title		= {Chaos},
 editor		= {Bai-Lin, H.},
 publisher	= {World Scientific},
 address	= {Singapore},
 year		= 1984,
 annote		= {A collection of reprints of early papers on
		  chaos. Includes papers by Lorenz, May, Feigenbaum,
		  and etc.}}

@Article{Bak88a,
  author =       "P. Bak and C. Tang and K. Wiesenfeld",
  title =        "Self-organized criticality",
  journal =      "Phys. Rev. A",
  volume =       "38",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "364--374",
  year =         "1988"
}

@Article{Bak:1991:SCb,
  author =       "Per Bak and Kan Chen",
  title =        "Self-Organized Criticality",
  journal =      "Sci. Am.",
  volume =       "264",
  number =       "1",
  month =        jan,
  year =         "1991",
  coden =        "SCAMAC",
  ISSN =         "0036-8733",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 19 06:56:52 MDT 1996",
  abstract =     "Just as the proverbial straw broke the camel's back,
                 catastrophes, from earthquakes and avalanches to a
                 stock market crash, can be triggered by a minor event.
                 The authors argue that complex systems naturally evolve
                 to a critical state. Their theory already has improved
                 understanding of motion in the earth's crust, economies
                 and ecosystems.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb
}

@Book{Bak:1996,
  author = 	 {Per Bak},
  title = 	 {How nature works: {T}he science of self-organized
                  criticality},
  publisher = 	 {Springer-Verlag},
  address =     "New York",
  year = 	 1996
}

@Book{Barlow:1991,
  author = 	 {Connie Barlow},
  title = 	 {From {G}aia to selfish genes: {S}elected writings in
                  the life sciences},
  address =	 {Cambridge, Mass.},
  publisher = 	 {MIT Press},
  year = 	 1991
}


@book{Barnsley88,
 author		= {M. Barnsley},
 title		= {Fractals everywhere},
 publisher	= {Academic Press},
 address        = {New York},
 year		= 1988
}


@InProceedings{Barnsley89,
  author =       "M. Barnsley",
  title =        "Iterated Function Systems",
  booktitle =    "Chaos and Fractals: {T}he Mathematics Behind
                 the Computer Graphics",
  publisher =    "American Mathematical Society",
  address =      "Providence, R.I.",
  year =         1989,
  volume =	 39,
  series =	 {Proc. Symposia Appl. Math.},
}

@Book{Beckmann:1977:HP,
  author =       "{Petr} Beckmann",
  title =        "A history of $\pi$",
  publisher =    "Golem Press",
  address =      "Boulder, Colo.",
  edition =      "Fourth",
  year =         "1977",
  annote =       "Beckman traces the history of mathematics with the
                  mathematical constant as a center piece."
}

@Book{Benhabib:1992,
  title =	"Cycles and chaos in economic equilibrium",
  editor =	"Jess Benhabib",
  publisher =	"Princeton University Press",
  address =     "Princeton",
  year =	"1992"
}


@Article{Bennett:1985:FPLb,
  author =       "Charles H. Bennett and Rolf Landauer",
  title =        "Fundamental Physical Limits of Computation",
  journal =      "Sci. Am.",
  volume =       "253",
  number =       "1",
  pages =        "48--56",
  month =        jul,
  year =         "1985",
  coden =        "SCAMAC",
  ISSN =         "0036-8733",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 18 10:44:43 MST 1997",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliationaddress = "IBM, Thomas J. Watson Research Cent, Yorktown
                 Heights, NY, USA",
  classification = "716; 717; 721; 723; 731",
  journalabr =   "Sci Am",
  keywords =     "automata theory --- Turing Machines; computation;
                 computer metatheory; Efficiency; friction; information
                 processing; information theory; logic circuits; logic
                 design; logic devices --- Gates; switching theory",
  xxnote =       "Check pages.??"
}

@book{Berlekamp82,
 author		= {Berlekamp, E. and Conway, J. H. and Guy, R.},
 title		= {Winning ways for your mathematical plays},
 publisher	= {Academic Press},
 address	= {London},
 year		= 1982,
 annote		= {In two volumes. Volume II contains the
		  proof that the game of {\em LIFE} is computation
		  universal and describes the construction of a
		  self-reproducing configuration.}}

@Book{Bowler:1996,
  author =	"Peter J. Bowler",
  title =	"{C}harles {D}arwin: {T}he Man and his influence",
  publisher =	"Cambridge University Press",
  address =     {Cambridge},
  year =	"1996"
}


@book{Boyd85,
 author		= {Boyd, R. and Richerson, P. J.},
 title		= {Culture and the evolutionary process},
 publisher	= {University of Chicago Press},
 address	= {Chicago},
 year		= 1985,
 annote		= {A good text on the extra-genetic process of
		  cultural evolution.}}

@article{Breder51,
 author		= {Breder, C. M.},
 title		= {Studies in the Structure of the Fish School},
 journal	= {Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.},
 volume		= 98,
 number         = "3",
 pages		= {7ff},
 year		= 1951,
 annote		= {Study of schooling phenomena and their
		  sensitivity to environmental factors.}}

@incollection{Bremmerman62,
 author		= {Bremmerman, H. J.},
 title		= {Optimization through Evolution and Recombination},
 booktitle	= {Self-organizing systems},
 editor		= {Yovits, M. C. and Jacobi, G. T. and Goldstein, G. D.},
 publisher	= {Spartan Books},
 address	= {Washington, D.C.},
 pages	= {93ff},
 year		= 1962,
 annote		= {One of a number of pioneering papers that
		  initiated the evolutionary approach to
		  optimization.}}

@inproceedings{Burks74,
 author		= {Burks, A. W.},
 title		= {Cellular Automata and Natural Systems},
 booktitle	= {Cybernetics and bionics},
 editor		= {W. D. Keidel and W. H{\"a}ndler and M. Spreng},
 publisher	= {R. Oldenbourg},
 address	= {Munich},
 pages		= {190--204},
 year		= 1974,
 annote		= {Cellular Automata as a useful bridge
		  between natural systems and formal computational
		  systems.}
}

@article{CGEOJAY87,
 author		= {C. Grebogi and E. Ott and J. A. Yorke},
 year		= 1987,
 journal	= {Science},
 keywords	= {R71},
 pages		= {632--638},
 title		= {Chaos, Strange Attractors, and Fractal Basin
		  Boundaries in Nonlinear Dynamics},
 volume		= 238,
 number         = "4827"
}

@TechReport{CMU//CS-92-138,
  author =       "Long-Ji Lin and Tom. M. Mitchell",
  title =        "Memory Approaches to Reinforcement Learning in
                 Non-{M}arkovian Domains",
  institution =  "Carnegie Mellon University, School of Computer
                 Science",
  address =      "Pittsburgh, Pa.",
  number =       "CMU//CS-92-138",
  pages =        "28",
  year =         "1992",
  abstract =     "Reinforcement learning is a type of unsupervised
                 learning for sequential decision making. Q-learning is
                 probably the best-understood reinforcement learning
                 algorithm. In Q-learning, the agent learns a mapping
                 from states and actions to their utilities. An
                 important assumption of Q-learning is the Markovian
                 environment assumption, meaning that any information
                 needed to determine the optimal actions is reflected in
                 the agent's state representation. Consider an agent
                 whose state representation is based solely on its
                 immediate perceptual sensations. When its sensors are
                 not able to make essential distinctions among world
                 states, the Markov assumption is violated, causing a
                 problem called perceptual aliasing. For example, when
                 facing a closed box, an agent based on its current
                 visual sensation cannot act optimally if the optimal
                 action depends on the contents of the box. There are
                 two basic approaches to addressing this problem --
                 using more sensors or using history to figure out the
                 current world state. This paper studies three
                 connectionist approaches which learn to use history to
                 handle perceptual aliasing: the window-Q, recurrent-Q,
                 and recurrent-model architectures. Empirical study of
                 these architectures is presented. Their relative
                 strengths and weaknesses are also discussed.",
  annote =       "Reinforcement learning, Markov/non-Markov decision
                 task, action model, time-delay neural network,
                 recurrent neural network"
}

@article{Cairns-Smith66,
 author		= {Cairns-Smith, A. G.},
 title		= {The Origin of Life and the Nature of the Primitive
		  Gene},
 journal	= {J. Theor. Biol.},
 volume		= 10,
 number         = "1",
 pages		= {53--88},
 year		= 1966,
 annote		= {Early article on his life-from-clays
		  hypothesis.}}

@book{Cairns-Smith85a,
 author		= {Cairns-Smith, A. G.},
 title		= {Seven clues to the origin of life},
 publisher	= {Cambridge University Press},
 address	= {Cambridge},
 year		= 1985,
 annote		= {A layman's version of Genetic
		  Takeover}
}

@Book{Capra:1996,
  author = 	 {Fritjof Capra},
  title = 	 {The web of life: {A} new scientific understanding of
                  living systems},
  publisher = 	 {Doubleday},
  address =      {New York},
  year = 	 1996
}

@Book{Casti89,
  author = 	 {John L. Casti},
  title = 	 {Alternate realities: {M}athematical models of nature
		  and man},
  publisher = 	 {John Wiley \& Sons},
  address =      {New York},
  year = 	 1989
}

@Book{Casti:1994,
  author = 	 {John L. Casti},
  title = 	 {Complexification: {E}xplaining a paradoxical world
                  through the science of surprise},
  publisher = 	 {HarperCollins},
  address =      "New York",
  year = 	 1994
}

@article{Chaitin70,
 author		= {Chaitin, G. J.},
 title		= {To a Mathematical Definition of ``Life''},
 journal	= {ACM SIGACT News},
 volume		= 4,
 month          = jan,
 number         = "",
 pages		= {12--18},
 year		= 1970,
 annote		= {A definition of life based on the notion
		  that a living organism is its own simplest
		  description.}}

@article{Chaitin:1966:LPC,
 author		= {Gregory J. Chaitin},
 title		= {On the Length of Programs for Computing Finite
		  Binary Sequences},
 journal	= {J. ACM},
 volume		= 13,
 number		= 4,
 pages		= {547--569},
 year		= 1966,
 bibdate	= {Sun Nov 06 22:17:46 1994},
 acknowledgement= {Nelson H. F. Beebe, Center for Scientific
		  Computing, Department of Mathematics, University of
		  Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA, Tel: +1 801 581
		  5254, FAX: +1 801 581 4148, e-mail: \path|beebe at
		  math.utah.edu|}}

@article{Chaitin:1975:TPS,
 author		= {Gregory J. Chaitin},
 title		= {A Theory of Program Size Formally Identical to
		  Information Theory},
 journal	= {J. ACM},
 volume		= 22,
 number		= 3,
 pages		= {329--340},
 year		= 1975,
 bibdate	= {Sun Nov 6 19:53:16 1994}
}

@Book{Chaitin:1997,
  author =	"Gregory J. Chaitin",
  title =	"The limits of mathematics: {A} course on information
                 theory \& limits of formal reasoning",
  publisher =	"Springer-Verlag",
  address =     "Singapore",
  year =	"1997"
}


@InProceedings{Cheeseman91,
  author = 	 {P. Cheeseman and B. Kanefsky and W. M. Taylor},
  title = 	 {Where the really hard problems are},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings {IJCAI-91}},
  pages =	 {331--336},
  editor =	 {J. Mylopoulos and R. Reiter},
  year =	 1991,
  address =	 {Sydney}
}

@article{Chom56,
 author		= {Noam Chomsky},
 title		= {Three models for the description of language},
 journal	= {IRE Trans. Info. Theory},
 volume		= {1},
 number         = "",
 pages		= {113--124},
 year		= 1956}

@article{Chom58,
 author		= {Noam Chomsky and George A. Miller},
 title		= {Finite state languages},
 journal	= {Info. and Control},
 volume		= 1,
 number         = "2",
 pages		= {91--112},
 year		= 1958}

@article{Chom59,
 author		= {Noam Chomsky},
 title		= {On certain formal properties of grammars},
 journal	= {Info. and Control},
 volume		= 2,
 number         = "2",
 pages		= {137--167},
 year		= 1959}

@article{Church:1936,
 author		= {Alonzo Church},
 year		= 1936,
 title		= {A note on the {E}ntscheidungsproblem},
 journal	= {J. Symbol. Logic},
 volume		= 1,
 number         = "",
 pages		= {40--41 and 101--102}
}

@Book{CHU51a,
  author =       "A. Church",
  title =        "The Calculi of Lambda-Conversion",
  series =       "Annals of Mathematical Studies",
  volume =       "6",
  publisher =    "Princeton University Press",
  address =      "Princeton",
  year =         "1951",
}

@Book{Clark:1995,
  author =	"William R. Clark",
  title =	"At war within: {T}he double-edged sword of immunity",
  address =	"New York",
  publisher =	"Oxford University Press",
  year =	"1995"
}

@article{Conrad70b,
 author		= {Conrad, M. and Pattee, H. H.},
 title		= {Evolution Experiments with an Artificial Ecosystem},
 journal	= {J. Theor. Biol.},
 volume		= 28,
 number         = "3",
 pages		= {393--409},
 year		= 1970
}

@Book{Cowan:1994,
  title = 	 {Complexity: {M}etaphors, models, and reality},
  year = 	 1994,
  editor =	 {George Cowan and David Pines and David Meltzer},
  volume =	 {XIX},
  series =	 {{S}anta {F}e {I}nstitute {S}tudies in the {S}ciences of
                  {C}omplexity},
  address =      "Reading, Mass.",
  publisher =	 {Addison-Wesley}
}

@Article{Crutchfield89,
  author =       "J. P. Crutchfield and K. Young",
  title =        "Inferring Statistical Complexity",
  journal =      "Phys. Rev. Lett.",
  volume =       "63",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "105--108",
  year =         "1989",
  keywords =     "complexity, entropy, measurement, reconstruction"
}

@Article{Crutchfield94,
  author =       "J. P. Crutchfield",
  title =        "The calculi of emergence: {C}omputation, dynamics and
                 induction",
  journal =      "Physica D",
  volume =       "75",
  number =       "1--3",
  pages =        "11--54",
  year =         "1994",
  keywords =     "(c+), dynamics, complexity, (general)"
}

@book{Darwin,
 author		= {Darwin, C.},
 title		= {On the origin of species},
 publisher	= {John Murray},
 address	= {London},
 year		= 1859,
 annote		= {The first edition. No bibliography on life
		  would be complete without this entry!}}

@InCollection{DasSieSon94a,
  author =       "B. DasGupta and H. Siegelmann and E. Sontag",
  title =        "On the Intractability of Loading Neural Networks",
  editor =       "Vwani Roychowdhury and Kai-Yeung Siu and Alon Orlitsky",
  booktitle =    "Theoretical advances in neural computation and
                 learning",
  publisher =    "Kluwer",
  address =     "Boston",
  year =         "1994"
}

@Book{Dauben:1990,
  author =	"Joseph Warren Dauben",
  title =	"{G}eorg {C}antor: {H}is mathematics and philosophy of the
                 infinite",
  publisher =	"Princeton University Press",
  address =     "Princeton",
  year =	"1990",
  annote =      "Dauben's book gives a very readable account of
                  Cantor's life, his development of set theory, and
                  some interesting connections between infinity and
                  human insight."
}


@Book{Davis65,
 title		= {The undecidable},
 editor		= {Davis, M.},
 publisher	= {Raven Press},
 address	= {New York},
 year		= 1965,
 annote		= {Collection of articles on formally
		  undecidable propositions. Contains translations of
		  some of G{\"o}del's famous papers.}}

@book{Dawkins76,
 author		= {Dawkins, R.},
 title		= {The selfish gene},
 publisher	= {Oxford University Press},
 address	= {Oxford},
 year		= 1976,
 annote		= {Classic book on the gene as the unit of
		  selection. Final chapter proposes ``memes'' - the
		  cultural equivalent of genes - as another form of
		  self-interested replicator in nature.}}

@book{Dawkins83,
 author		= {Dawkins, R.},
 title		= {The extended phenotype: {T}he gene as a unit of
		  selection},
 publisher	= {Oxford University Press},
 address	= {Oxford},
 year		= 1983,
 annote		= {Extension of the ideas presented in ``The
		  Selfish Gene''.}}

@book{Dawkins86,
 author		= {Dawkins, R.},
 title		= {The blind watchmaker},
 publisher	= {W. W. Norton},
 address	= {New York},
 year		= 1986,
 annote		= {A thorough and careful explication of the
		  nature of Darwinian evolution. The paperback edition
		  contains an order form for the {\em Blind
		  Watchmaker} program for the Apple Macintosh
		  computer, described in Dawkins' contribution to
		  these proceedings.}}

@book{Dennett78,
 author		= {Dennett, D. C.},
 title		= {Brainstorms: {P}hilosophical essays on mind and
		  psychology},
 publisher	= {Bradford Books/MIT Press},
 address	= {Cambridge, Mass.},
 year		= 1978,
 annote		= {A very nice book on philosophical issues
		  regarding mind and computation.}}


@article{Derrida86a,
 author		= {Derrida, B. and Pomeau, Y.},
 title		= {Random Networks of Automata: {A} Simple Annealed
		  Approximation},
 journal	= {Europhys. Lett.},
 volume		= 1,
 number		= 2,
 pages		= {45--49},
 year		= 1986,
 annote		= {This article extends and analyzes Kauffman's random
                  boolean nets}
}

@book{Descartes87,
 author		= {Descartes, R.},
 title		= {M{\'e}ditations on first philosophy},
 publisher	= {Cambridge University Press},
 address	= {Cambridge},
 year		= 1987,
 annote		= {Classic treatise in which Descartes
		  compares the human body to a mechanical clock. This
		  edition also has selections from the objections with
		  replies. Translated by John Cottingham with an
		  introduction by Bernard Williams.}}

@article{Dewdney84b,
 author		= {Dewdney, A. K.},
 title		= {{Computer Recreations}: {Sharks} and fish wage an
		  ecological war on the toroidal planet Wa-Tor},
 journal	= {Sci. Am.},
 volume		= 251,
 number		= 6,
 pages		= {14--22},
 year		= {1984},
 annote		= {Description of program for simulating
		  predator-prey dynamics.}}

@article{Dewdney85c,
 author		= {Dewdney, A. K.},
 title		= {{Computer Recreations}: {Exploring} the field of
		  genetic algorithms in a primordial computer sea full
		  of flibs},
 journal	= {Sci. Am.},
 volume		= 253,
 number		= 5,
 pages		= {21--32},
 year		= {1985},
 annote		= {Description of a program for experimenting
		  with genetic algorithms.}}

@Article{Dewdney:1988:HMM,
  author =       "A. K. Dewdney",
  title =        "The hodgepodge machine makes waves",
  journal =      "Sci. Am.",
  volume =       "225",
  number =       "8",
  pages =        "104--107",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1988",
  coden =        "SCAMAC",
  ISSN =         "0036-8733"
}

@Book{Dewdney:1993,
  author =	"A. K. Dewdney",
  title =	"200  percent of nothing: {A}n eye-opening tour through
                 the twists and turns of math abuse and innumeracy",
  publisher =	"John Wiley \& Sons",
  address =     "New York",
  year =	"1993"
}

@Book{Doyle:1992,
  author =	"John C. Doyle and Bruce A. Francis and Allen R. Tannenbaum",
  title =	"Feedback control theory",
  publisher =	"MacMillan",
  address =     "New York",
  year =	"1992"
}

@book{Edelman87,
 author		= {Edelman, G. M.},
 title		= {Neural darwinism: {T}he theory of neuronal group
		  selection},
 publisher	= {Basic Books},
 address	= {New York},
 year		= 1987,
 annote		= {Presentation of Edelman's theory that
		  high-level functions compete for neuronal support.}}

@Book{Edwards:1986,
  author =	"David A. Charles-Edwards",
  title =	"Modelling plant growth and development",
  publisher =	"Academic Press",
  address =     "New York",
  year =	"1986"
}

@book{Eigen82a,
 author		= {Eigen, M. and Winkler, R.},
 title		= {The laws of the game: {H}ow the principles of nature
		  govern chance},
 publisher	= {Harper Colophon},
 address	= {New York},
 year		= 1982,
 annote		= {A wide ranging description of how chance
		  and low-level rules lead to complex behavior.}}

@Book{Esbensen:1996,
  author =	"Barbara Juster Esbensen and Helen K. Davie",
  title =	"Echoes for the Eye: {P}oems to celebrate patterns in
                 nature",
  publisher =	"HarperCollins",
  address =     "New York",
  year =	"1996"
}

@inproceedings{FOCS::BlumSS1988,
 title		= {On a Theory of Computation over the Real Numbers;
		  {NP} Completeness, Recursive Functions and Universal
		  Machines (Extended Abstract)},
 author		= {Lenore Blum and Mike Shub and Steve Smale},
 pages		= {387--397},
 booktitle	= {29th annual symposium on foundations of computer
		  science},
 year		= 1988,
 address	= {White Plains, N.Y.},
 publisher	= {IEEE}
}

@proceedings{FTW83,
 editor		= {Doyne Farmer and Tommaso Toffoli and Stephen
		  Wolfram},
 title		= {Cellular Automata: Proceedings of an
		  Interdisciplinary Workshop},
 address	= {Amsterdam},
 year		= 1983,
 publisher	= {North-Holland},
 owner		= {math}}

@Article{Faltings95,
  author =       "G. Faltings",
  title =        "The Proof of {F}ermat's {L}ast {T}heorem by
                  {R}. {T}aylor and {A}. {W}iles",
  journal =      "Notices Amer. Math. Soc.",
  volume =       "42",
  number =       "7",
  pages =        "743--746",
  year =         "1995"
}

@article{Farmer86b,
 author		= {Farmer, J. D. and Packard, N. H. and Perelson, A. S.},
 title		= {The Immune System, Adaptation \& Learning},
 journal	= {Physica D},
 volume		= 22,
 number =       "1--3",
 pages		= {187--204},
 year		= 1986,
 annote		= {A dynamic model of the immune system based
		  on Jerne's network hypothesis. Comparisons are drawn
		  with Holland's Classifier Systems.}
}

@book{Farmer86c,
 author		= {Farmer, J. D. and Lapedes, A. and Packard, N. H. and
		  Wendroff, B.},
 title		= {Evolution, games and learning},
 publisher	= {North-Holland},
 address	= {Amsterdam},
 year		= 1986,
 annote		= {Proceedings of the Fifth Annual
		  International Conference of the Center for Nonlinear
		  Studies, Los Alamos, New Mexico, May 20--24,
		  1985. Also Published as {\em Physica D}, Vol. 22,
		  1986.}}

@article{Farmer88,
 author		= {Doyne Farmer and Stuart Kauffman},
 title		= {Biological modelling: {W}hat's evolving in Artificial
		  Life},
 journal	= {Nature},
 volume         = "331",
 number         = "6155",
 pages          = "390--391",
 year		= 1988,
 abstract	= {Report on the 1987 Artificial Life symposium at Los
		  Alamos Labs}}

@Article{Farmer90,
  author =       "J. D. Farmer",
  title =        "Rosetta stone for connectionism",
  journal =      "Physica D",
  volume =       "42",
  number         = "1--3",
  pages =        "153--187",
  year =         "1990"
}

@article{FarmerOttYorke,
 author		= {Farmer, J. Doyne and Edward Ott and James A. Yorke},
 title		= {The Dimension of Chaotic Attractors},
 journal	= {Physica D},
 volume		= 7,
 number         = "1--3",
 year		= 1983,
 pages		= {153--180}}

@article{Feigenbaum78,
 author		= {M. J. Feigenbaum},
 title		= {Quantitative universality for a class of nonlinear
		  transformations},
 journal	= {J. Stat. Phys.},
 volume		= 19,
 number         = "1",
 pages		= {25--52},
 year		= 1978,
 keywords	= {nonlinear, universal, (Hao Bai-Lin), (c+)}}

@article{Feigenbaum79,
 author		= {M. J. Feigenbaum},
 title		= {The universal metric properties of nonlinear
		  transformations},
 journal	= {J. Stat. Phys.},
 volume		= 21,
 number         = "6",
 pages		= "669--706",
 year		= 1979,
 keywords	= {B+, nonlinear, universal}}

@article{Field74a,
 author		= {R. J. Field and R. M. Noyes},
 title		= {Oscillations in chemical systems. {V}. {Q}uantitative
		  explanation of band migration in the
		  {B}elousov-{Z}habotinskii reaction},
 journal	= {J. Am. Chem. Soc.},
 volume		= 96,
 number         = "7",
 pages		= {2001--2006},
 year		= 1974
}

@Book{Fogal66,
  author = 	 {L. J. Fogel and A. J.  Owens and  M. J. Walsh},
  title = 	 {Artificial Intelligence through Simulated Evolution},
  publisher = 	 {Wiley},
  year = 	 1966,
  address =	 {New York}
}

@InCollection{Forrest89,
  author =       "S. Forrest and G. Mayer-Kress",
  title =        "Using genetic algorithms in nonlinear dynamical
                 systems and international security models",
  booktitle =    "The genetic algorithms handbook",
  editor =       "Davis, Lawrence",
  pages =        "166--185",
  publisher =    "Van Nostrand Reinhold",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "1991",
  keywords =     "model, genetic algorithm, nonlinear, map, arms race"
}

@Article{Fowler:1992:MS,
  author =       "Deborah R. Fowler and Hans Meinhardt and Przemyslaw
                 Prusinkiewicz",
  editor =       "Edwin E. Catmull",
  title =        "Modeling seashells",
  journal =      "Comp. Graphics",
  volume =       "26",
  number =       "2",
  pages =        "379--387",
  year =         "1992",
  coden =        "CGRADI, CPGPBZ",
  ISSN =         "0097-8930",
  conference =   "held in Chicago, Illinois; 26--31 July 1992",
  keywords =     "realistic image synthesis, modeling of natural
                 phenomena, logarithmic helico-spiral, sweep
                 representation, reaction-diffusion pattern model"
}

@article{Fredkin82,
 author		= {Edward Fredkin and Tommaso Toffoli},
 title		= {Conservative Logic},
 journal	= {Int. J. Theor. Phys.},
 year		= 1982,
 volume		= 21,
 number         = "3--4",
 pages		= {219--253}}

@article{GAR92,
 author		= {A.~Garfinkel and M. L.~Spano and W. L.~Ditto},
 title		= {Controlling Cardiac Chaos},
 journal	= {Science},
 year		= 1992,
 volume		= 257,
 number		= 5074,
 pages		= 1230
}

@book{Gard61,
 author		= {Martin Gardner},
 title		= {More mathematical puzzles and diversions},
 publisher	= {Penguin},
 address	= {New York},
 year		= 1961,
 pages		= 187,
 isbn		= {0-14-020748-1}}

@article{Gardner71,
 author		= {Gardner, M.},
 title		= {{Mathematical Games}: {On} Cellular Automata,
		  Self-Reproduction, The {G}arden of {E}den and the Game
		  of {``Life''}},
 journal	= {Sci. Am.},
 volume		= 224,
 number		= 2,
 pages		= {112--117},
 year		= {1971},
 annote		= {Follow-up article on LIFE and other CA
		  rules.}}

@article{Gardner78,
 author		= {M. Gardner},
 title		= {{Mathematical Games}: {W}hite and brown music, fractal
		  curves and 1/f fluctuations},
 journal	= {Sci. Am.},
 volume		= 238,
 month          = apr,
 number         = "",
 pages		= {16--32},
 year		= 1978,
 keywords	= {fractal}}

@book{Gardner83,
 author		= {Martin Gardner},
 title		= {Wheels, life, and other mathematical amusements},
 year		= 1983,
 publisher	= {W. H. Freeman},
 address	= {New York},
 annote		= {ISBN 0-7167-1589-9}}

@article{Gardner:1970:MGT,
 author		= {M. Gardner},
 title		= {{Mathematical Games}: {The} Fantastic Combinations
		  of {J}ohn {C}onway's New Solitaire Game `{Life'}},
 journal	= {Sci. Am.},
 volume		= 223,
 number		= 4,
 pages		= {120--123},
 month		= oct,
 year		= 1970,
 coden		= {SCAMAC},
 issn		= {0036-8733},
 annote		= {The original description of Conway's game of LIFE.}}

@Book{Gell-Mann:1995,
  author =	"Murray Gell-Mann",
  title =	"The quark and the jaguar: {A}dventures in the simple
                 and the complex",
  publisher =	"W. H. Freeman",
  address =     "New York",
  year =	"1995"
}

@Article{Gerhardt91,
  author =       "M. Gerhardt and H. Schuster and J. J. Tyson",
  title =        "A cellular automaton model of excitable media {IV}.
                 {U}ntwisted scroll rings",
  journal =      "Physica D",
  volume =       "50",
 number         = "2",
  pages =        "189--206",
  year =         "1991",
  keywords =     "cellular automata, model"
}

@book{Gleick87b,
 author		= {Gleick, J.},
 title		= {Chaos},
 publisher	= {Viking},
 address	= {New York},
 year		= 1987,
 annote		= {A very good layman's introduction to the
		  theory of chaotic dynamical systems and the people
		  who have pioneered the understanding of the role of
		  chaos in physics, chemistry, and biology.}}

@Article{Go32,
  author =       "K. G{\"o}del",
  title =        "Ein Spezialfall des Entscheidungsproblem der
                 theoretischen Logik",
  journal =      "Ergebn. math. Kolloq.",
  volume =       "2",
 number         = "",
  year =         "1932",
  pages =        "27--28"
}

@incollection{Godel32,
 author		= {Kurt G{\"o}del},
 title		= {On intuitionistic arithmetic and number theory},
 pages		= {75--81},
 editor		= {Davis, M.},
 booktitle	= {The undecidable},
 publisher	= {Raven Press},
 address        = "New York",
 year		= 1965}

@InCollection{Godel:86,
  author =       "Kurt G{\"o}del",
  title =        "On completeness and consistency",
  editor =       "Solomon Feferman and John W. {Dawson, Jr.} and Stephen
                 C. Kleene and Gregory H. Moore and Robert M. Solovay
                 and Jean {Van Heijenoort}",
  booktitle =    "{K}urt {G}{\"o}del: {C}ollected works",
  publisher =    "Oxford University Press",
  address =     "Oxford",
  year =         "1986",
  volume =       "1",
  pages =        "235--237",
}

@Article{Goedel:1931,
  author =       "Kurt G{\"o}del",
  year =         "1931",
  title =        "{\"U}ber formal unentscheidbare {S}{\"a}tze der
                 {P}rincipia mathematica und verwandter {S}ysteme~{I}",
  journal =      "Monats. f{\"u}r Math. und Phys.",
  volume =       "38",
  number         = "",
  pages =        "173--198"}

@Book{Goldberg89,
  author = 	 {David E. Goldberg},
  title = 	 {Genetic algorithms in search, optimization, and
		  machine learning},
  publisher = 	 {Addison-Wesley},
  address =     "Reading, Mass.",
  year = 	 1989
}

@Book{Goldstine:1993,
  author =	"Herman H. Goldstine",
  title =	"The computer from {P}ascal to {v}on {N}eumann",
  publisher =	"Princeton University Press",
  address =     "Princeton",
  year =	"1993",
  annote =      "The history (as well of the pre-history) of computing
                  devices is interesting for both the techniques and
                  the personalities involved.  A very detailed acount
                  is given in"
}

@Book{Gonick:1993,
  author =	"Larry Gonick and Woollcott Smith",
  title =	"The cartoon guide to statistics",
  publisher =	"HarperCollins",
  address =     "New York",
  year =	"1993"
}

@ARTICLE{HEN76,
	AUTHOR = {M.~H{\`e}non},
	TITLE = {A Two-dimensional Mapping with a Strange Attractor},
	JOURNAL = {Comm. Math. Phys.},
	YEAR = {1976},
	VOLUME = {50},
        number         = "1",
	PAGES = {69--77}
}

@BOOK{HER91,
        AUTHOR = {J.~Hertz and A.~Krogh and R. G.~Palmer},
        TITLE = {Introduction to the theory of neural computation},
        PUBLISHER = {Addison-Wesley},
        address =     "Reading, Mass.",
        YEAR = {1991}
}

@ARTICLE{HOR89,
        AUTHOR = {K.~Hornik and M.~Stinchcombe and H.~White},
        TITLE = {Multilayer Feedforward Networks Are Universal Approximators},
        JOURNAL = {Neural Networks},
        YEAR = {1989},
        VOLUME = {2},
        number = "5",
        PAGES = {359--366}
}

@Book{Hall:1991,
  editor =	 {Nina Hall},
  title = 	 {Exploring chaos: {A} guide to the new science of disorder},
  publisher = 	 {W. W. Norton \& Co.},
  address =     "New York",
  year = 	 1991
}

@article{Hamilton64,
 author		= {Hamilton, W.},
 title		= {The Genetical Evolution of Social Behavior},
 journal	= {J. Theor. Biol.},
 volume		= 7,
 number         = "",
 pages		= {1--31},
 year		= 1964,
 annote		= {Classic paper on the evolution of
		  altruistic behavior.}}

@Book{Haykin:1994,
  author =	"Simon Haykin",
  title =	"Neural networks: {A} comprehensive foundation",
  publisher =	"MacMillan",
  address =     "New York",
  year =	"1994"
}

@book{Hebb49,
 author		= {Hebb, D. O.},
 title		= {The organization of behavior},
 publisher	= {Wiley \& Sons},
 address	= {New York},
 year		= 1949,
 annote		= {Hebb's ``cell-assembly'' model, in which
		  aggregates of neurons form the physiological basis
		  of concepts.}}

@Book{Hirst:1995,
  author =	"Bill Hirst and Benoit Mandelbrot",
  title =	"Fractal landscapes from the real world",
  publisher =	"Distributed Art Publishers",
  address =     "New York",
  year =	"1995"
}

@book{Hofstadter79,
 author		= {Douglas R. Hofstadter},
 title		= {{G}{\"o}del, {E}scher, {B}ach: {A}n eternal golden
                  braid},
 publisher	= {Basic Books},
 year		= 1979,
 address	= {New York}
}

@book{Hofstadter85,
 author		= {Douglas R. Hofstadter},
 title		= {Metamagical themas: {Q}uesting for the essence of
		  mind and pattern},
 publisher	= {Basic Books},
 address	= {New York},
 year		= 1985
}

@article{Hogeweg88,
 author		= {Hogeweg, P.},
 title		= {Cellular Automata as a Paradigm for Ecological
		  Modelling},
 journal	= {App. Math. \& Comp.},
 volume		= "27",
 number		= "1",
 year		= 1988
}

@Article{Hogg96,
  author = 	 {Tad Hogg and Bernardo A. Huberman and Colin
		  P. Williams},
  title = 	 {Phase transitions and the search problem},
  journal = 	 {Art. Intell.},
  year = 	 1996,
  volume =	 81,
  number         = "1--2",
  pages =	 {1--15}
}

@Article{Hogg:1989:SE,
  author =       "Tad Hogg and Bernardo A. Huberman and Jacqueline M.
                 McGlade",
  title =        "The Stability of Ecosystems",
  journal =      "Proc. Royal Soc. of London",
  volume =       "B237",
  number         = "1286",
  pages =        "43--51",
  year =         "1989",
  abstract =     "Stability criteria and phase boundaries for complex
                 ecosystems are obtained and contrasted with previously
                 studied scenarios. The stability of such systems is
                 determined by the behaviour of the largest eigenvalue
                 of matrices governing the response of the system to
                 small perturbations. As a result we show that
                 ecosystems with unstructured cooperative interactions
                 between arbitrary species can be less stable than had
                 been previously determined. We also examine
                 hierarchical ecologies, and demonstrate their increased
                 stability under certain conditions."
}

@article{Holland62,
 author		= {Holland, J. H.},
 title		= {Outline for a Logical Theory of Adaptive Systems},
 journal	= {J. ACM},
 volume		= 9,
 number         = "",
 pages		= {297--314},
 year		= 1962,
 annote		= {Early work on genetic algorithms.}}

@incollection{Holland67,
 author		= {Holland, J. H.},
 title		= {Nonlinear Environments Permitting Efficient
		  Adaptation},
 booktitle	= {Computer and information sciences II},
 editor         = "Tou, Julius T.",
 pages          = "",
 publisher	= {Academic Press},
 address        = "New York",
 year		= 1967,
 annote		= {Considerations of effects of complexity of
		  environment on the process of evolution.}}

@book{Holland75a,
 author		= {Holland, J. H.},
 title		= {Adaptation in natural and artificial systems},
 publisher	= {University of Michigan Press},
 address	= {Ann Arbor},
 year		= 1975,
 annote		= {An early treatment of the genetic algorithm
		  and classifier systems.}}

@incollection{Holland76b,
 author		= {Holland, J. H.},
 title		= {Adaptation},
 booktitle	= {Progress in theoretical biology {IV}},
 editor		= {Rosen, R. and Snell, F. M.},
 publisher	= {Academic Press},
 address	= {New York},
 pages		= {263--293},
 year		= 1976
}


@Book{Holland:1989,
  author =	"John H. Holland and Keith J. Holyoak",
  title =	"Induction: {P}rocesses of inference, learning and
                 discovery",
  publisher =	"MIT Press",
  address =     "Cambridge, Mass.",
  year =	"1989"
}

@Book{Holldobler-Wilson,
  author = 	 {Bert Holldobler and Edward O. Wilson},
  title = 	 {The ants},
  publisher = 	 {Belknap Press of Harvard University Press},
  year = 	 1990,
  address =	 {Cambridge, Mass.}
}

@Article{Hop86a1,
  author =       "J. J.~Hopfield and D. W.~Tank",
  title =        "Computing with neural networks: {A} model",
  journal =      "Science",
  volume =       "233",
  number         = "4764",
  pages =        "625--633",
  month =        aug,
  year =         "1986"
}

@book{Hopcraft79,
 author		= {J. E. Hopcroft and J. D. Ullman},
 title		= {Introduction to automata theory, languages, and
		  computation},
 publisher	= {Addison-Wesley},
 year		= 1979,
 address	= {Reading, Mass.}
}

@article{Hopfield82,
 author		= {Hopfield, J. J.},
 title		= {Neural networks and physical systems with emergent
		  collective computational abilities},
 journal	= {Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.},
 volume		= 79,
 number         = "8",
 pages		= {2554--2558},
 year		= 1982,
 annote		= {A proposal for a distributed system
		  supporting emergent computation.}}

@book{IB-73323,
 author		= {Marvin Minsky},
 title		= {Computation: {F}inite and infinite machines},
 publisher	= {Prentice-Hall},
 address	= {London},
 year		= 1972,
 isbn		= {0-13-165449-7},
 descriptor	= {Automatentheorie, Rekursive Funktion, Theorie der
		  Algorithmen}}

@Book{IB-891401,
  author =       "A. K. Dewdney",
  title =        "The {T}uring omnibus: 61 excursions in computer
                 science",
  publisher =    "Computer Science Press",
  address =     "Rockville, Md.",
  year =         "1989",
  ISBN =         "0-7167-8154-9"
}


@book{IB-D85417,
 author		= {A. Hodges},
 title		= {{A}lan {T}uring: {T}he enigma},
 publisher	= {Simon and Schuster},
 address	= {New York},
 year		= 1983,
 isbn		= {0-671-49207-1},
 descriptor	= {Enigma},
 annote		= {Lebenslauf {v}on Turing, Geschichte der Decodierung
		  der Enigma}}

@book{IB-D87484,
 author		= {Marvin Minsky},
 title		= {The society of mind},
 publisher	= {Heinemann},
 address	= {London},
 year		= 1987,
 isbn		= {0-434-46758-8}}

@book{IB-E883035,
 author		= {Hao Wang},
 title		= {Reflections on {K}urt G{\"o}del},
 publisher	= {MIT Press},
 address	= {Cambridge, Mass.},
 year		= 1987,
 isbn		= {0-262-23127-1},
 descriptor	= {Logik, Philosophie}}

@techreport{ICSI-TR-95-042,
 author		= {Lenore Blum and Felipe Cucker and Mike Shub and
		  Steve Smale},
 title		= {Complexity and Real Computation: {A} Manifesto},
 institution	= {International Computer Science Institute},
 number		= {TR-95-042},
 address	= {Berkeley, Calif.},
 year		= 1995,
 abstract	= {Finding a natural meeting ground between the highly
		  developed complexity theory of computer science
		  ---with its historical roots in logic and the
		  discrete mathematics of the integers--- and the
		  traditional domain of real computation, the more
		  eclectic less foundational field of numerical
		  analysis ---with its rich history and longstanding
		  traditions in the continuous mathematics of
		  analysis--- presents a compelling challenge. Here we
		  illustrate the issues and pose our perspective
		  toward resolution. This article is essentially the
		  introduction of a book with the same title (to be
		  published by Springer) to appear shortly.}}

@Book{Isenberg78,
  author = 	 {C. Isenberg},
  title = 	 {The science of soap films and soap bubbles},
  publisher = 	 {Tiero},
  year = 	 1978,
  address =	 {Avon, U.K.}
}

@Article{JACM::Chaitin1969,
  title =        "On the Simplicity and Speed of Programs for Computing
                 Infinite Sets of Natural Numbers",
  author =       "Gregory J. Chaitin",
  area =         "Automata Theory and Formal Languages",
  pages =        "407--422",
  journal =      "J. ACM",
  year =         "1969",
  volume =       "16",
  number =       "3",
  keywords =     "computational complexity, computable set, recursive
                 set, Turing machine, constructive ordinal, partially
                 ordered set, lattice"
}

@Book{Kaelbling:1996,
  title =	"Recent advances in reinforcement learning",
  editor =	"Leslie Pack Kaelbling",
  publisher =	"Kluwer Academic",
  address =     "Boston",
  year =	"1996"
}

@article{Kauffman69,
 author		= {Kauffman, S. A.},
 title		= {Metabolic Stability and Epigenesis in Randomly
		  Constructed Genetic Nets},
 journal	= {J. Theor. Biol.},
 volume		= 22,
 number         = "3",
 pages		= {437--467},
 year		= 1969,
 annote		= {Analysis of the dynamics of random, complex
		  networks of Boolean automata. Such nets have come to
		  be referred to under the general title of ``The
		  Kauffman Model,'' and constitute an active area of
		  research.}}

@article{Kauffman84,
 author		= {Kauffman, S. A.},
 title		= {Emergent Properties in Random Complex Automata},
 journal	= {Physica D},
 volume		= 10,
 number         = "1--2",
 pages        = {145--56},
 publisher	= {North-Holland},
 address	= {Amsterdam},
 year		= 1984,
 annote		= {Reviews the surprisingly ordered dynamics
		  of randomly assembled Boolean networks of automata,
		  and discusses the emergence of powerful subautomata
		  called ``forcing-structures,'' which come to
		  dominate the dynamics.}}

@article{Kauffman86a,
 author		= {Kauffman, S. A.},
 title		= {Autocatalytic Sets of Proteins},
 journal	= {J. Theor. Biol.},
 volume		= 119,
 number         = "1",
 pages		= {1--24},
 year		= 1986,
 annote		= {Discussion of the possibilities for the
		  emergence of autocatalytic sets of proteins and
		  their relevance to the origin of life.}}

@article{Kauffman86b,
 author		= {Kauffman, S. A. and Smith, R. G.},
 title		= {Adaptive Automata based on {D}arwinian Selection},
 journal	= {Physica D},
 volume		= 22,
 number         = "1--3",
 pages		= {68--82},
 year		= 1986,
 annote		= {Discussion of issues plus results of
		  experimental selection for automata whose dynamical
		  attractors match a predetermined target pattern.}}

@book{Kauffman89,
 author		= {Kauffman, S. A.},
 title		= {Origins of order: {S}elf-organization and selection
		  in evolution},
 publisher	= {Oxford University Press},
 address =        "Oxford",
 year		= {1993},
 annote		= {Discusses the balance struck between
		  self-organized properties in complex systems and
		  natural selection, with implications for
		  evolution. Topics include: fitness landscapes,
		  evolution of catalytic activities, origin of life,
		  dynamics of genetic regulatory-networks, and
		  morphogenesis.}}

@article{Kauffman:1991:AA,
 author		= {Stuart Kauffman},
 title		= {Antichaos and Adaptation},
 journal	= {Sci. Am.},
 volume		= 265,
 number		= 2,
 pages          = "64--70",
 month		= aug,
 year		= 1991,
 coden		= {SCAMAC},
 issn		= {0036-8733},
 bibdate	= {Wed Jun 19 06:56:52 MDT 1996},
 abstract	= {If the tentative conclusions of this biophysicist
		  and his colleagues are correct, there is more to
		  evolution than natural selection. He argues that the
		  mathematical idea of antichaos --- that disorder in
		  complex systems can suddenly crystallize into order
		  --- plays a crucial role in biology.}}

@Book{Kauffman:1995,
  author =	"Stuart Kauffman",
  title =	"At home in the universe: {T}he search for laws of
                 self-organization and complexity",
  publisher =	"Oxford University Press",
  address =     "Oxford",
  year =	"1995"
}

@book{Kohonen77,
 author		= {Kohonen, T.},
 title		= {Associative memory},
 publisher	= {Springer-Verlag},
 address	= {Berlin},
 year		= 1977
}

@Article{Kolmogorov68,
  author =       "A. N. Kolmogorov",
  title =        "Some Theorems on Algorithmic Entropy and the
                 Algorithmic Quantity of Information",
  journal =      "UMN: Uspekhi Matematicheskikh Nauk",
  volume =       "23",
  number         = "",
  year =         "1968"
}

@article{Kolmogorov:1965,
 author		= {Andrei N. Kolmogorov},
 year		= 1965,
 title		= {Three approaches to the quantitative definition of
		  information},
 journal	= {Prob. Info. Trans.},
 volume		= 1,
 number		= 1,
 pages		= {1--7}}

@Book{Kuang:1993,
  author =	"Yang Kuang",
  title =	"Delay differential equations with applications in
                 population dynamics",
  publisher =	"Academic Press",
  address =     "New York",
  year =	"1993"
}

@TECHREPORT{LAP87,
	AUTHOR = {A.~Lapedes and R.~Farber},
	TITLE = {Nonlinear signal processing using neural networks:
		 Prediction and system modelling},
	INSTITUTION = {Los Alamos National Laboratory},
        ADDRESS = {Los Alamos, N.M.},
	YEAR = {1987},
	NUMBER = {LA-UR-87-2662}
}

@INCOLLECTION{LAP88,
	AUTHOR = {A.~Lapedes and R.~Farber},
	TITLE = {How Neural Nets Work},
	BOOKTITLE = {Neural information processing sytems},
	PUBLISHER = {American Institute of Physics},
	YEAR = {1988},
	EDITOR = {D. Z.~Anderson},
	PAGES = {442-456},
	ADDRESS = {New York}
}

@article{Langton84,
 author		= {Langton, C.},
 title		= {Self-Reproduction in Cellular Automata},
 journal	= {Physica D},
 volume		= 10,
 number		= {1--2},
 pages		= {135--144},
 year		= 1984,
 annote		= {Details of a simple self-reproducing CA
		  configuration.}}

@article{Langton86,
 author		= {Langton, C.},
 title		= {Studying Artificial Life with Cellular Automata},
 journal	= {Physica D},
 volume		= 22,
 number         = "1--3",
 pages		= {120--149},
 year		= 1986,
 annote		= {A preliminary investigation of the
		  potential of CA for supporting life. First reference
		  for vants.}
}

@Proceedings{Langton89,
 editor		= {Christopher G. Langton},
 title		= {Artificial Life},
 volume =	 {6},
 series =	 {Santa Fe Institute studies in the sciences of
                  complexity},
 year		= 1989,
  address =      "Reading, Mass.",
 publisher	= {Addison-Wesley}
}

@Proceedings{Langton90b,
  editor =       "Christopher G. Langton and Charles Taylor and J. Doyne
                  Farmer and Steen Rasmussen",
  title =        {Artificial Life {II}},
  volume =	 {10},
  series =	 {Santa Fe Institute studies in the sciences of
                  complexity},
  address =      "Reading, Mass.",
  publisher =    "Addison-Wesley",
  year =         1992
}

@Book{Levy:1992,
  author = 	 {Steven Levy},
  title = 	 {Artificial life: {A} report from the frontier where
                  computers meet biology},
  publisher = 	 {Vintage Books},
  address =     "New York",
  year = 	 1992
}

@Article{Li75,
  author =       "T. Y. Li and J. A. Yorke",
  title =        "Period three implies chaos",
  journal =      "Am. Math. Monthly",
  volume =       "82",
  number         = "10",
  pages =        "985--992",
  year =         "1975"
}

@article{Li90a,
 author		= {Wentian Li and Norman Packard and Christopher
		  G. Langton},
 title		= {Transition phenomena in {CA} rule space},
 journal	= {Physica D},
 year		= 1990,
 volume		= 45,
  number         = "1--3",
 pages		= "77--94"
}

@article{Lindenmayer68,
 author		= {Lindenmayer, A.},
 title		= {Mathematical Models for Cellular Interactions in
		  Development, {I \& II}},
 journal	= {J. Theor. Biol.},
 volume		= 18,
 number         = "",
 pages		= {280--315},
 year		= 1968,
 annote		= {Lindenmayer's original articles on
		  L-Systems.}}

@article{Lorenz63,
 author		= {E. N. Lorenz},
 title		= {Deterministic Nonperiodic Flow},
 journal	= {J. Atmos. Sci.},
 volume		= 20,
 number         = "",
 pages		= {130--141},
 year		= 1963
}

@article{Lotka10,
 author		= {A. Lotka},
 title		= {Zur Theorie der periodischen Reaktionen},
 journal	= {Z. phys. Chemie},
 volume		= 72,
 number         = "",
 pages		= 508,
 year		= 1910,
 keywords	= {Lotka-Volterra, chemical, reaction, oscillation}}

@article{Lovelock83,
 author		= {Lovelock, J. E.},
 title		= {{Daisy World:} {A} Cybernetic Proof of the {Gaia}
		  Hypothesis},
 journal	= {CoEvol. Quart.},
 volume		= 38,
 number         = "summer",
 pages		= {66--72},
 year		= 1983,
}

@book{Lumsden81,
 author		= {Lumsden, C. J. and Wilson, E. O.},
 title		= {Genes, mind, and culture: {T}he coevolutionary
		  process.},
 publisher	= {Harvard University Press},
 address	= {Cambridge},
 year		= 1981,
 annote		= {Sociobiology extended to human culture.}}

@article{MAC77,
 author		= {M. C.~Mackey and L.~Glass},
 title		= {Oscillation and Chaos in Physiological Control
		  Systems},
 journal	= {Science},
 year		= 1977,
 volume		= 2,
 number         = "4300",
 pages		= "287--289"
}

@techreport{MC60:mit,
 author		= {John McCarthy},
 year		= 1960,
 title		= {{LISP} 1 programmer's manual},
 institution	= {Computation Center and Research Laboratory of
		  Electronics, {MIT}},
 address        = "Cambridge, Mass."
}

@Book{MacRae:1992,
  author =	"Norman MacRae",
  title =	"{J}ohn {v}on {N}eumann: {T}he scientific genius who
                 pioneered the modern computer, game theory, nuclear
                 deterrence, and much more",
  publisher =	"Pantheon Books",
  address =     "New York",
  year =	"1992"
}

@book{Mandelbrot83,
 author		= {Mandelbrot, B.},
 title		= {The fractal geometry of nature},
 publisher	= {W. H. Freeman},
 address	= {New York},
 year		= 1983
}

@book{Mandlebrot78,
 author		= {Mandelbrot, B.},
 title		= {Fractals: {F}orm, chance, and dimension},
 publisher	= {W. H. Freeman},
 address	= {New York},
 year		= 1978,
 annote		= {This and the following book detail in
		  elegant form the manner in which extremely complex
		  structures can emerge from relatively simple
		  recursive rules.}}

@Book{March:1995,
  author =	"Robert H. March",
  title =	"Physics for poets",
  publisher =	"McGraw-Hill",
  address =     "New York",
  year =	"1995"
}

@article{Margolus84,
 author		= {Margolus, N.},
 title		= {Physics-Like Models of Computation},
 journal	= {Physica D},
 volume		= 10,
 number         = "1--2",
 pages		= {81--95},
 year		= 1984,
 annote		= {Discussion of reversible cellular automata
		  illustrated by an implementation of Fredkin's
		  Billiard-Ball model of computation.}}

@book{Margulis81,
 author		= {Margulis, L.},
 title		= {Symbiosis in cell evolution},
 publisher	= {W. H. Freeman},
 address	= {San Francisco},
 year		= 1981,
 annote		= {Further evidence for the symbiosis theory.}}

@Article{May72,
  author =       "R. M. May",
  title =        "Limit cycles in predator-prey communities",
  journal =      "Science",
  volume =       "177",
  number         = "",
  pages =        "900--902",
  year =         "1972",
  keywords =     "population, limit, limit cycle"
}

@Article{May74,
  author =       "R. M. May",
  title =        "Biological populations with nonoverlapping generations:
                 Stable points, stable cycles, and chaos",
  journal =      "Science",
  volume =       "186",
  number         = "4164",
  pages =        "645--647",
  year =         "1974"
}

@article{May76,
 author		= {May, R. M.},
 title		= {Simple Mathematical Models with Very Complicated
		  Dynamics},
 journal	= {Nature},
 volume		= 261,
 number         = "5560",
 pages		= {459--467},
 year		= 1976,
 annote		= {Excellent early review of simple chaotic
		  dynamical systems with consequences for ecological
		  modeling.}}

@InCollection{Mayer-Kress92,
  author =       "G. Mayer-Kress",
  editor =       "Lui Lam and V. Naroditsky",
  title =        "Nonlinear dynamics and chaos in arms race models",
  booktitle =    "Modeling complex phenomena",
  pages =        "153--183",
  publisher =    "Springer",
  address =      "Berlin",
  year =         "1992",
  keywords =     "nonlinear model, arms race, political"
}

@book{Maynard-Smith75,
 author		= {Maynard Smith, J.},
 title		= {The theory of evolution},
 edition        = {third},
 publisher	= {Penguin},
 address	= {New York},
 year		= 1975,
 annote		= {A classic.}}

@book{Maynard-Smith82,
 author		= {Maynard Smith, J.},
 title		= {Evolution and the theory of games},
 publisher	= {Cambridge University Press},
 address	= {Cambridge},
 year		= 1982,
 annote		= {Application of {v}on Neumann's theory of
		  games to the modeling of evolution. Another
		  classic.}}

@book{Maynard-Smith86,
 author		= {Maynard Smith, J.},
 title		= {The problems of biology},
 publisher	= {Oxford University Press},
 address	= {Oxford},
 year		= 1986,
 annote		= {Excellent lay introduction to the
		  fundamental problems of biology.}}

@article{McCulloch43,
 author		= {W. S. McCulloch and W. Pitts},
 title		= {A Logical Calculus of the Idea Immanent in Nervous
		  Activity},
 journal	= {Bull. Math. Biophys.},
 volume		= 5,
 number         = "",
 pages		= {115--133},
 year		= 1943,
 annote		= {The original paper on McCulloch-Pitts
		  neurons.}}

@Book{Meinhardt95,
  author =       "H. Meinhardt",
  title =        "The algorithmic beauty of sea shells.",
  pages =        "204",
  publisher =    "Springer",
  address =     "New York",
  year =         "1995",
  keywords =     "book, text, shape, form, pattern, zz0795",
  abstract =     "reviewed in Nature V375, p745-746, 29 June '95"
}


@Book{Michalewicz:1996,
  author =	"Zbigniew Michalewicz",
  title =	"Genetic algorithms + data structures = evolution
                 programs",
  publisher =	"Springer-Verlag",
  address =     "New York",
  year =	"1996"
}

@book{MinPap88,
 author		= {Marvin Minsky and Seymour Papert},
 title		= {Perceptrons},
 publisher	= {MIT Press},
 year		= 1988,
 address	= {Cambridge, Mass.},
 edition	= {expanded},
 class		= {nn, theory, history, science},
 abstract	= {Expanded edition of the 1969 book. Adds a prologue
		  {"}A view from 1988{"} and an epilogue {"}The new
		  connectionism{"}. Text body altered by
		  handwritten(!) notes in a few places. Prologue and
		  epilogue conclude: 1. the current war between
		  connectionist vs. symbolic approaches is
		  senseless. 2. 1969 book was largely misunderstood as
		  saying perceptrons were not useful, while it was
		  only meant to say exactly HOW useful. {"}Our goal
		  was to develop analytic tools to give us better
		  ideas about what made the difference [between
		  problems perceptrons can solve and those they
		  cannot]{"} {"}We learned to replace globally
		  qualitative questions .... with questions ... of
		  ... computational complexity.{"} {"}...we ... [had]
		  to develop some theories of problem domains and not
		  simply a theory of perceptrons.{"} {"}our study of
		  the perceptron was an attempt to understand general
		  principles through the study of a special case.{"}
		  3. They criticize that new connectionism (backprop
		  et al) has not addressed problems of scaling and
		  computational complexity. 4. They advocate the
		  {"}Society of mind{"} idea, according to which the
		  brain is composed of many simple neural nets working
		  together.}}

@incollection{Minsky:1979:STT,
 author		= {Marvin Minsky},
 title		= {The Society Theory of Thinking},
 booktitle	= {{A}rtificial intelligence: {A}n {MIT} persective},
 editor		= {Patrick Henry Winston and Richard Henry Brown},
 pages		= {423--450},
 publisher	= {MIT Press},
 address        = "Cambridge, Mass.",
 year		= 1979}

@Book{Mitchell:1996,
  author =	"Melanie Mitchell",
  title =	"An introduction to genetic algorithms",
  publisher =	"MIT Press",
  address =     "Cambridge, Mass.",
  year =	"1996"
}

@Article{Moore90,
  author =       "C. Moore",
  title =        "Unpredictability and undecidability in dynamical
                 systems",
  journal =      "Phys. Rev. Lett.",
  volume =       "64",
  number =       "20",
  pages =        "2354--2357",
  year =         "1990",
  keywords =     "dynamicsl system, Turing machine, predictability"
}

@Article{Moore91,
  author = 	 {Christopher Moore},
  title = 	 {Generalized one-sided shifts and maps of the interval},
  journal = 	 {Nonlinearity},
  year = 	 1991,
  volume =	 4,
  number         = "3",
  pages =	 {727--745}
}

@Article{Moore91b,
  author = 	 {Christopher Moore},
  title = 	 {Generalized shifts: {U}npredictability and
		  undecidability in dynamical systems},
  journal = 	 {Nonlinearity},
  year = 	 1991,
  volume =	 4,
  number         = "2",
  pages =	 {199--230}
}

@BOOK{NIL65,
        AUTHOR = {N. J.~Nilsson},
        TITLE = {Learning machines: {F}oundations of trainable pattern
        classifying systems},
        PUBLISHER = {McGraw-Hill},
        address =     "New York",
        YEAR = {1965}
}

@book{NicolisG77,
 author		= {Nicolis, G. and Prigogine, I.},
 title		= {Self-organization in nonequilibrium systems},
 publisher	= {John Wiley \& Sons},
 address	= {New York},
 year		= 1977,
 annote		= {Classic treatise on the dynamics of
		  dissipative systems.}}

@article{Nijhout81,
 author		= {Nijhout, H. F.},
 title		= {The Color Patterns of Butterflies and Moths},
 journal	= {Sci. Am.},
 volume		= 245,
 number		= 5,
 month          = nov,
 pages          = "",
 year		= {1981},
 annote		= {Description of the way in which the wide
		  variety of complex wing patterns of butterflies and
		  moths emerge from the actions of a few simple
		  rules.}}

@Article{Nowak92,
  author = 	 {Marin A. Nowak and Robert M. May},
  title = 	 {Evolutionary Games and Spatial Chaos},
  journal = 	 {Nature},
  year = 	 1992,
  volume =	 359,
  number         = "6398",
  pages =	 {826--829}
}

@Article{Nowak93,
  author =       "M. Nowak and K. Sigmund",
  title =        "A strategy of win-stay, lose-shift that outperforms
                 {T}it-for-{T}at in the {P}risoner's {D}ilemma game.",
  journal =      "Nature",
  volume =       "364",
  number         = "6432",
  pages =        "56--58",
  year =         "1993",
  keywords =     "prisoners prisoner's dilemma, PD, IPD, cooperate,
                 altruism, defect, TFT, tit for tat, tit-for-tat, GA,
                 lose shift win stay"
}

@Article{Nowak:1995:AMH,
  author =       "Martin A. Nowak and Robert M. May and Karl Sigmund",
  title =        "The Arithmetics of Mutual Help",
  journal =      "Sci. Am.",
  volume =       "272",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "76--81",
  month =        jun,
  year =         "1995",
  coden =        "SCAMAC",
  ISSN =         "0036-8733",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jun 19 06:56:52 MDT 1996",
  abstract =     "When should an individual cooperate with others? When
                 does it make more sense to betray them for selfish
                 gain? The answers to such questions ripple through
                 evolutionary biology and sociology. In computer
                 simulations, strategies, such as the aply named
                 Tit-for-Tat, duel for dominance. Achieving the right
                 balance among altruism, forgiveness and treachery seems
                 to be the key to victory.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb
}

@Article{Omohundro84,
  author = 	 {Stephen Omohundro},
  title = 	 {Modelling Cellular Automata with Partial
		  Differential Equations},
  journal = 	 {Physica D},
  volume =       "10D",
  number =       "1--2", 
  year = 	 1984,
  pages =	 {128--134}
}

@Book{Ore:1988,
  author =	"Oystein Ore",
  title =	"Number theory and its history",
  publisher =	"Dover",
  address =     "New York",
  year =	"1988",
  annote =      "A much more complete treatment of number theory
                  can be found in"
}

@article{Ott90,
 author		= {E. Ott and C. Grebogi and J. A. Yorke},
 title		= {Controlling Chaos},
 journal	= {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
 volume		= 64,
 number =       "11", 
 pages		= {1196--1199},
 year		= 1990
}

@InCollection{Ott90a,
  author =       "E. Ott and C. Grebogi and J. A. Yorke",
  editor =       "D. K. Campbell",
  title =        "Controlling chaotic dynamical systems",
  booktitle =    "Chaos---{S}oviet-{A}merican perspectives on nonlinear
                 science",
  pages =        "153--172",
  publisher =    "AIP",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "1990",
  keywords =     "controlling chaos"
}

@Book{Ott94c,
  author =       "E. Ott and T. Sauer and J. A. Yorke",
  title =        "Coping with chaos",
  publisher =    "Wiley",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "1994"
}

@BOOK{PRE86,
	AUTHOR = {W. H.~Press and B. P.~Flannery and S. A.~Teukolsky and
		  W. T.~Vetterling},
	TITLE = {Numerical recipes},
	PUBLISHER = {Cambridge University Press},
        address	= {Cambridge},
	YEAR = {1986}
}

@Book{PRUSINKIEWICZ-ETAL90A,
  author =       "Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz and Aristid Lindenmayer and
                 James S. Hanan and others",
  title =        "The algorithmic beauty of plants",
  publisher =    "Springer-Verlag",
  address =     "New York",
  year =         "1990",
  annote =       "Keywords:The Virtual Laboratory, L systems, computer
                 graphics"
}

@book{Papert80,
 author		= {Papert, S.},
 title		= {Mindstorms: {C}hildren, computers, and powerful ideas},
 publisher	= {Basic Books},
 address	= {New York},
 year		= 1980,
 keywords		= {ai,applications,education},
 annote		= {Papert's description of his LOGO language
		  and its applications in children's education.}}

@Book{Peitgen92,
  author = 	 {Heinz-Otto Peitgen and Hartmut J{\"{u}}rgens and
		  Dietmar Saupe},
  title = 	 {Chaos and fractals},
  publisher = 	 {Springer-Verlag},
  address =     "New York",
  year = 	 1992
}

@Book{Penrose89,
  author =       "R. Penrose",
  title =        "The emperor's new mind",
  publisher =    "Oxford University Press",
  address =      "Oxford",
  year =         "1989",
  keywords =     "computer, machine, artificial intelligence, chaos,
                 physics, determinism, AI, OUP, think, thought, mind,
                 quantum"
}

@Book{Pickover:1991,
  author =	"Clifford A. Pickover",
  title =	"Computers, pattern, chaos and beauty: {G}raphics from
                 an unseen world",
  publisher =	"St. Martin's Press",
  address =     "New York",
  year =	"1991"
}

@article{Poincar90a,
 author		= {H. Poincar{\'e}},
 title		= {Sur les {\'e}quations de la dynamique et le
		  Probl{\`e}me de trois corps},
 journal	= {Acta Math.},
 volume		= 13,
 number =       "", 
 pages		= {1--270},
 year		= 1890}

@Book{Poincare:52,
  author =       "H. P{\'o}incare",
  title =        "Science and hypothesis",
  year =         "1952",
  publisher =    "Dover",
  address =      "New York",
}

@book{Poundstone85,
 author		= {Poundstone, W.},
 title		= {The recursive universe},
 publisher	= {William Morrow},
 address	= {New York},
 year		= 1985,
 keywords		= {CA-LIFE,refs-general,refs-bottomup},
 annote		= {Review of discoveries made in Conway's game
		  of LIFE, interspersed with speculations on its
		  implications for understanding the universe.}}

@Book{Poundstone92,
  author = 	 {William Poundstone},
  title = 	 {Prisoner's Dilemma},
  publisher = 	 {Doubleday},
  year = 	 1992,
  address =	 {New York}
}

@Article{Propp94,
  author =       "D. Gale and J. Propp",
  title =        "Further Ant-ics",
  journal =      "Math. Intell.",
  volume =       "16",
 number =       "1", 
  pages =        "37--42",
  year =         "1994"
}



@BOOK{RUM86a,
	AUTHOR = {D. E.~Rumelhart and G. E.~Hinton and R. J.~ Williams},
	TITLE = {Parallel distributive processing},
	PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
        address =      "Cambridge, Mass.",
	YEAR = {1986}
}

@Article{Rand94,
  author =       "D. A. Rand",
  title =        "Measuring and characterizing spatial patterns,
                 dynamics and chaos in spatially extended dynamical
                 systems and cologies",
  journal =      "Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. A",
  volume =       "348",
  number =       "1688",
  pages =        "497--514",
  year =         "1994"
}

@Article{Rand95,
  author = 	 {D. A. Rand and H. Wilson},
  title = 	 {Using spatio-temporal chaos and intermediate-scale
                  determinism to quantify spatially-extended
                  ecosystems},
  journal = 	 {Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B},
  year = 	 1995,
  volume =	 259, 
 number =       "1355", 
  pages =	 {111--117}
}

@Book{Rapaport65,
  author =       "Anatol Rapoport and Albert M. Chammah",
  title =        "Prisoner's Dilemma",
  publisher =    "University of Michigan Press",
  year =         "1965",
  address =      "Ann Arbor"
}

@Book{Rechenberg73,
  author = 	 {Ingo Rechenberg},
  title = 	 {Evolution strategy: {O}ptimization of technical
                  systems by means of biological evolution},
  publisher = 	 {Fromman-Holzboog},
  year = 	 1973,
  address =	 {Stuttgart}
}

@incollection{Resnick88Y24,
 author		= {M. Resnick},
 title		= {{LEGO}, Logo, and Life},
 booktitle	= {Artificial life},
 publisher	= {Addison-Wesley},
 address =      "Reading, Mass.",
 year		= 1988,
 editor		= {C. Langton},
 pages		= {397--406},
 ref		= {Y24}}

@Book{Resnick94,
  author = 	 {Mitchel Resnick},
  title = 	 {Turtles, termites, and traffic jams: {E}xplorations in
                  massively parallel microworlds},
  publisher = 	 {Bradford Books/MIT Press},
  address =     "Cambridge, Mass.",
  year = 	 1994
}

@article{Reynolds87,
 author		= {Reynolds, C. W.},
 title		= {Flocks, Herds, and Schools: {A} Distributed
		  Behavioral Model},
 journal	= {Comp. Graph.},
 volume		= 21,
 number		= 4,
 pages		= {25--34},
 year		= {1987},
 keywords		= {models-graphics,refs-bottomup,schooling},
 annote		= {Description of Reynold's bottom-up system
		  for the study of flocking behavior.}}

@Book{Ribenboim:1991,
  author =	"Paulo Ribenboim",
  title =	"The little book of big primes",
  publisher =	"Springer-Verlag",
  address =     "New York",
  year =	"1991"
}

@Article{Richardson61,
  author = 	 {L. F. Richardson},
  title = 	 {The problem of contiguity: {A}n appendix of statistics
                  of deadly quarrels},
  journal = 	 {General Systems Yearbook},
  year = 	 1961,
  volume =	 6,
  number =       "", 
  pages =	 {139--187}
}

@Book{Ridley95,
  author = 	 {Matt Ridley},
  title = 	 {The red queen: {S}ex and the evolution of human
                  nature},
  publisher = 	 {Macmillan},
  address =     "New York",
  year = 	 1995
}

@book{Rosenblatt62,
 author		= {Rosenblatt, F.},
 title		= {Principles of neurodynamics: {P}erceptrons and the
		  theory of brain mechanisms},
 publisher	= {Spartan Books},
 address	= {Washington, D.C.},
 year		= 1962,
 keywords		= {ai-history,ai-connect},
 annote		= {Early work on what would now be referred to
		  as a ``connectionist'' model.}}

@Book{Rucker:1995,
  author =	"Rudy Rucker",
  title =	"Infinity and the mind: {T}he science and philosophy
                 of the infinite",
  publisher =	"Princeton University Press",
  address =     "Princeton",
  year =	"1995",
  annote =      "Rucker also covers set theory but with a very
                  distinctive wit and humor."
}

@article{Ruelle71a,
 author		= {D. Ruelle and F. Takens},
 title		= {On the nature of turbulence},
 journal	= {Comm. Math. Phys.},
 volume		= 20,
 number =       "3", 
 pages		= {167--192},
 year		= 1971,
 keywords	= {(Hao Bai-Lin)}}

@Article{Ruelle80a,
  author =       "D. Ruelle",
  title =        "Strange attractors",
  journal =      "Math. Intell.",
  volume =       "2",
  number =       "3", 
  pages =        "126--137",
  year =         "1980",
  keywords =     "(c+), definition of attractor, strange attractor,
                 (+Kapitaniak)"
}

@Book{Ruelle93,
  author = 	 {David Ruelle},
  title = 	 {Chance and chaos},
  publisher = 	 {Princeton University Press},
  address =     "Princeton",
  year = 	 1993
}
@Article{SIEGELMAN-SONTAG91A,
  author =       "H. T. Siegelmann and E. D. Sontag",
  title =        "Turing Computability with Neural Networks",
  journal =      "Appl. Math. Let.",
  year =         "1991",
  volume =       "4",
  number =       "6",
  pages =        "77--80"
}

@InProceedings{STOC::BennettGLVZ1993,
  title =        "Thermodynamics of Computation and Information
                 Distance",
  author =       "Charles H. Bennett and P{\'e}ter G{\'a}cs and Ming Li
                 and Paul M. B. Vitanyi and Wojciech H. Zurek",
  pages =        "21--30",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the twenty-fifth annual {ACM} symposium
                 on theory of computing",
  publisher =    "ACM Press",
  year =         "1993",
  address =      "San Diego"
}

@InProceedings{STOC::Cook1971,
  title =        "The Complexity of Theorem-Proving Procedures",
  author =       "Stephen A. Cook",
  pages =        "151--158",
  booktitle =    "Conference record of third annual {ACM} symposium on
                 theory of Computing",
  publisher =    "ACM",
  year =         "1971",
  address =      "Shaker Heights, Oh."
}

@InProceedings{STOC::LindenmayerR1972,
  title =        "Developmental Systems and Languages",
  author =       "A. Lindenmayer and G. Rozenberg",
  pages =        "214--221",
  booktitle =    "Conference record, fourth annual {ACM} symposium on
                 theory of computing",
  year =         "1972",
  address =      "Denver, Colorado"
}

@Misc{Sarle:1994,
  title =	"Kangaroos and Training Neural Networks",
  author =	"Warren S. Sarle and {Net Poohbahs}",
  year =        "1994",
  note =	"{FAQ} list available from
                 {\tt ftp://ftp.sas.com/pub/neural/kangaroos}."
}

@book{Schrodinger44,
 author		= {Schr{\"o}dinger, E.},
 title		= {What is life?},
 publisher	= {Cambridge University Press},
 address	= {Cambridge},
 year		= 1944,
 keywords		= {refs-general,life-defs},
 annote		= {A classic treatise on the nature of life.}}

@Book{Schroeder:FCP91,
  author =       "Manfred Schroeder",
  title =        "Fractals, chaos, power laws",
  publisher =    "W. H. Freeman",
  address =      "New York",
  pages =        "xviii + 429",
  year =         "1991",
  ISBN =         "0-7167-2136-8",
  LCCN =         "QD921 .S3 1990",
  bibdate =      "Wed Dec 15 10:41:35 1993"
}

@Book{Schwefel77,
  author = 	 {Hans-Paul Schwefel},
  title = 	 {Numerische optimierung von computer-modellen mittels
                  der evolutionsstrategie},
  publisher = 	 {Birkh\"auser},
  year = 	 1977,
  address =	 {Basel}
}

@article{Shaw62,
 author		= {Shaw, E.},
 title		= {The Schooling of Fishes},
 journal	= {Sci. Am.},
 volume		= 206,
 number =       "", 
 pages		= {128--138},
 year		= {1962},
 keywords		= {schooling},
 annote		= {Study of the development of schooling
		  behavior in young fish.}}

@article{Shinbrot92,
 author		= {T. Shinbrot and W. Ditto and C. Grebogi and E. Ott
		  and M. Spano and J. A. Yorke},
 title		= {Using the sensitive dependence of chaos (the
		  {``butterfly effect''}) to direct trajectories in an
		  experimental chaotic system},
 journal	= {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
 volume		= 68,
 number =       "19", 
 pages		= {2863--2866},
 year		= 1992,
 keywords	= {controlling chaos, experimental}}

@Book{Stanley:1985,
  title =	"On growth and form: {F}ractal and non fractal
                 patterns in physics",
  editor =	"H. Eugene Stanley and Nicole Ostrowsky",
  publisher =	"Kluwer Academic",
  address =     "",
  year =	"1985"
}

@TechReport{Steerman84,
  author = 	 {John D. Sterman},
  title = 	 {Instructions for Running the Beer Distribution Game},
  institution =  {System Dynamics Group, MIT},
  address =      {Cambridge, Mass.},
  year = 	 1984,
  number =	 {D-3679}
}

@Article{Sterman88,
  author = 	 {John D. Sterman},
  title = 	 {Modeling Managerial Behavior: {M}isperceptions of
                  Feedback in a Dynamic Decision Making Experiemnt},
  journal = 	 {Management Sci.},
  year = 	 1988,
  volume =	 35,
  number =	 3,
  pages =	 {321--339}
}

@Article{Stewart94,
  author = 	 {Ian Stewart},
  title = 	 {{Mathematical Recreations}: {The} Ultimate
		  Anty-Particles},
  journal = 	 {Sci. Am.},
  year = 	 1994,
 volume =       "271", 
 number =       "1", 
  month =	 jul,
  pages =	 {104--107}
}

@Book{Stewart95,
  author = 	 {Ian Stewart},
  title = 	 {Nature's numbers: {T}he unreal reality of mathematical
                  imagination},
  publisher = 	 {Basic Books},
  address =     "New York",
  year = 	 1995
}

@Book{Stewart:1990,
  author =	"Ian Stewart",
  title =	"Does God play dice?: {T}he mathematics of chaos",
  publisher =	"Blackwell",
  address =     "Oxford",
  year =	"1990"
}

@Book{Stewart:1996,
  author =	"Ian Stewart",
  title =	"From here to infinity",
  publisher =	"Oxford University Press",
  address =     "Oxford",
  year =	"1996",
  annote =      "Stewart's book contains a nice
                  overview of set theory at an introductory level, but
                  also covers many other topics relevant to the latter
                  portions in this book."
}

@Book{Stinson:1995,
  author =	"Douglas R. Stinson",
  title =	"Cryptography: {T}heory and practice",
  publisher =	"CRC Press",
  address =     "Boca Raton",
  year =	"1995"
}

@Book{Strogatz94,
  author =       "S. Strogatz",
  title =        "Nonlinear dynamics and chaos",
  publisher =    "Addison Wesley",
  address =      "New York",
  year =         "1994",
  keywords =     "chaos, (textbook)"
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{TAG87,
	AUTHOR = {G. A.~Tagliarini and E. W.~Page},
	TITLE = {Solving Constraint Satisfaction Problems with Neural
		 Networks},
	BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the first international conference
		     on neural networks},
	YEAR = {1987},
	PUBISHER = {IEEE},
	ADDRESS = {San Diego}
}

@Article{TCS::KoiranCG1994:113,
  title =        "Computability with low-dimensional dynamical systems",
  author =       "Pascal Koiran and Michel Cosnard and Max Garzon",
  journal =      "Theoret. Comp. Sci.",
  pages =        "113--128",
  year =         "1994",
  volume =       "132",
  number =       "1"
}

@Article{TCS::Moore1996,
  title =        "Recursion theory on the reals and continuous-time
                 computation",
  author =       "Cristopher Moore",
  pages =        "23--44",
  journal =      "Theor. Comp. Sci.",
  year =         "1996",
  volume =       "162",
  number =       "1",
}

@incollection{Takens80,
 author		= {F. Takens},
 title		= {Detecting Strange Attractors in Turbulence},
 booktitle	= {Dynamical systems and turbulence},
 publisher	= {Spinger-Verlag},
 year		= 1980,
 editor		= {D. A.~Rand and L. S.~Young},
 pages		= {366--381},
 address	= {New York}}

@Article{Tank:1987:CCN,
  author =       "David W. Tank and John J. Hopfield",
  title =        "Collective Computation in Neuronlike Circuits",
  journal =      "Sci. Am.",
  volume =       "257",
  number =       "6",
  pages  =       "104--114",
  month =        dec,
  year =         "1987",
  coden =        "SCAMAC",
  ISSN =         "0036-8733",
  bibdate =      "Tue Feb 18 10:44:43 MST 1997",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  classification = "461; 713",
  journalabr =   "Sci Am",
  keywords =     "biomedical engineering; electronic circuits;
                 neurobiological models; neuronlike circuits",
  pagecount =    "9p between p 104 and 114"
}

@article{Toffoli77,
 title		= {Computation and Construction Universality of
		  Reversible Cellular Automata},
 author		= {Tommaso Toffoli},
 pages		= {213--231},
 journal	= {J. Comp. Sys. Sci.},
 year		= 1977,
 volume		= 15,
 number		= 2}

@article{Toffoli84b,
 author		= {Toffoli, T.},
 title		= {Cellular Automata as an alternative to (rather than
		  an approximation of) differential equations in
		  modeling physics},
 journal	= {Physica D},
 volume		= 10,
 number =       "1--2",
 pages =       "117--127",
 year		= 1984,
 keywords		= {refs-general,CA,models-physics,models},
 annote		= {An insightful discussion of the reasons for
		  and against modeling physical systems with
		  differential equations.}}

@book{Toffoli87,
 author		= {Tommaso Toffoli and Norman Margolus},
 title		= {Cellular automata machines},
 year		= 1987,
 publisher	= {MIT Press},
 address	= {London},
 isbn		= {0-262-20060-0},
 descriptor	= {Parallelismus, Zellularautomat, Rechnerarchitektur}}

@article{Tomita79b,
 author		= {K. Tomita and I. Tsuda},
 title		= {Chaos in {B}elousov-{Z}habotinskii reaction in a flow
		  system},
 journal	= {Phys. Lett. A},
 volume		= 71,
 number =       "5--6", 
 pages		= 489,
 year		= 1979,
 keywords	= {chaos, flow, reaction, chemical,
		  Belousov-Zhabotinskii}}

@Book{Tu92,
  author =       "P. N. V. Tu",
  title =        "Dynamical systems: An introduction with applications
                 in economics and biology",
  publisher =    "Springer-Verlag",
  address =      "Berlin",
  year =         "1992",
  keywords =     "dynamical systems, economics, biology, (textbook)"
}

@article{Turing37a,
 author		= {Alan M. Turing},
 title		= {On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the
		  {E}ntscheidungsproblem},
 journal	= {Proc. London Math. Soc.},
 volume		= {2},
 number		= 42,
 pages		= {230--265},
 year		= {1936},
 keywords		= {automata-theory,automata-history},
 annote		= {Turing's famous demonstration of the formal
		  limits on computation based on a proof that the {\em
		  halting problem} is undecidable.}}

@InCollection{turing63,
  key =          "Turing63",
  author =       "A. M. Turing",
  title =        "Computing Machinery and Intelligence",
  booktitle =    "Computers and Thought",
  editor =       "E. A. Feigenbaum",
  address =      "New York",
  publisher =    "McGraw-Hill",
  year =         "1963",
}

@article{Turing50,
 author		= {Alan M. Turing},
 title		= {Can a Machine Think?},
 journal	= {Mind},
 volume =       "59", 
 number =       "236", 
 pages		= {433--460},
 year		= {1950},
 annote		= {The paper in which Turing introduced the
		  ``Turing test'' for machine intelligence.}
}

@article{Turing52,
 author		= {Turing, A. M.},
 title		= {The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis},
 journal	= {Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London},
 volume		= {B},
 number		= 237,
 pages		= {37--72},
 year		= 1952,
 keywords		= {models-math},
 annote		= {A reaction-diffusion model for
		  development.}}

@techreport{UIUCDCS-R-1961-108,
 author		= {Arthur W. Burks},
 title		= {Notes on {J}ohn {v}on {N}eumann's Cellular
		  Self-Reproducing Automaton},
 institution	= {Department of Computer Science, University of
		  Illinois},
 address	= {Urbana},
 year		= 1961,
 number		= 108,
 pages		= 58}

@article{Ulam47,
 author		= {S. M. Ulam and J. {v}on Neumann},
 title		= {On combinations of stochastic and deterministic
		  processes},
 journal	= {Bull. Am. Math. Soc.},
 volume		= 53,
 number =       "", 
 pages		= 1120,
 year		= 1947,
 keywords	= {logistic map, deterministic model, stochastic model
		 }}

@article{UlamSM62,
 author		= {Ulam, S. M.},
 title		= {On some Mathematical Problems Connected with
		  Patterns of Growth of Figures},
 journal	= {Proc. Symposia Appl. Math.},
 volume		= 14,
 number =       "", 
 pages		= {215--224},
 year		= 1962,
 keywords		= {automata-theory,pattern-formation,CA},
 annote		= {An early study on pattern development in
		  cellular automata by the man who suggested CA's to
		  {v}on Neumann.}
}

@article{Kirchgraber:1990:CBS,
  author =       "U. Kirchgraber and D. Stoffer",
  title =        "Chaotic Behaviour in Simple Dynamical Systems",
  journal =      "SIAM Review",
  volume =       "32",
  number =       "3",
  pages =        "424--452",
  year =         "1990",
  coden =        "SIREAD",
  ISSN =         "0036--1445",
  mrclass =      "58F15 (58F13)",
  mrnumber =     "91e:58141",
  mrreviewer =   "Mariusz Urba\'nski",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jan 20 10:31:25 MST 1997",
  abstract =     "A description is given of the chaotic behavior
                 generated by a transversal homoclinic point of a plane
                 map. A proof of Smale's theorem via the shadowing
                 property of hyperbolic sets is provided. The result is
                 related to certain plane periodic systems of ODE's like
                 the periodically perturbed pendulum equation. To this
                 end the so-called method of Melnikov is derived.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  affiliation =  "ETH Swiss Federal Inst of Technology",
  affiliationaddress = "Zurich",
  classification = "921; 931",
  journalabr =   "SIAM Rev",
  keywords =     "Chaos Theory; Dynamical Systems; Mathematical
                 Techniques--Differential Equations; Melnikov Formula;
                 Shadowing Lemma; Smale Theorem"
}

@Book{Vanecek:1996,
  author =	"Antonin Vanecek and Sergej Celikovsky",
  title =	"Control systems: {F}rom linear analysis to synthesis
                 of chaos",
  publisher =	"Prentice-Hall",
  address =     "New York",
  year =	"1996"
}

@book{VonNeumann+Morgenstern:1944,
 author		= {John {v}on Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern},
 year		= 1944,
 title		= {Theory of games and economic behavior},
 publisher	= {Princeton University Press},
 address	= {Princeton}
}

@book{VonNeumann:1958,
 author		= {John {v}on Neumann},
 year		= 1958,
 keywords	= {NEURAL HISTORICAL THEORY BIO STATISTICS PARALLEL
		  TOLERANCE},
 title		= {The computer and the brain},
 publisher	= {Yale University Press},
 address	= {New Haven},
 annote		= {In 1955, John {v}on Neumann was invited to present
		  the Stillman Lectures at Yale. The topic he chose
		  was {"}The computer and the brain{"}. Confined to
		  his wheelchair and suffering from bone cancer, JVN
		  eventually realised that the actual presentation
		  would be too strenuous for him. Yale, however, was
		  understanding and agreed to read out from his
		  notes. It was while preparing these notes that he
		  was admitted to hospital; the unfinished manuscript
		  went with him, and was by his bedside when he
		  died. This was published in 1958 as part of the
		  Silliman Lecture series - an 80-ish page monograph
		  which constitutes JVN's contribution to parallel
		  computing. One of the insights was that the
		  functions in the brain were not digital but
		  {"}statistical{"}. Another interesting notion is an
		  analogy with the loss of precision when you do
		  extended arithmetical computations. JVN pointed out
		  that logical reasoning may also be subject to such a
		  loss of precision when confronted with problems of
		  large {"}logical depth{"}. The document ends in the
		  middle of an intriguing discussion on the nature of
		  a language needed to program an automaton like the
		  CNS. On the whole, however, he really isn't
		  addressing the issue of parallel computation. He is
		  more concerned with the structure of memory (his
		  analysis is naive by todays standards) and the
		  analog/digital -> logic/arithmetic
		  distinctions. JVN, like many other eminent
		  mathematicians, was Hungarian and came to Princeton
		  (as a visiting prof) at the age of 27. **** REFER -
		  AM 1/89}}

@book{Vonneumann66,
 author		= {{v}on Neumann, J.},
 title		= {Theory of self-reproducing automata},
 publisher	= {University of Illinois Press},
 address	= {Urbana},
 year		= 1966,
 keywords		= {refs-general,CA,automata-theory,complex,automata-selfrepro},
 annote		= {Edited by A. W. Burks after {v}on Neumann's death.}}

@PHDTHESIS{WER74,
	AUTHOR = {P.~Werbos},
	TITLE = {Beyond Regression: {N}ew Tools for Prediction and
		 Analysis in the Behavioral Sciences},
	SCHOOL = {Harvard University},
        ADDRESS = {Cambridge, Mass.},
	YEAR = {1974}
}

@Book{Waldrop92,
  author = 	 {M. Mitchell Waldrop},
  title = 	 {Complexity: {T}he emerging science at the edge of
                  order and chaos},
  publisher = 	 {Simon \& Schuster},
  address =     "New York",
  year = 	 1992
}

@Book{Wassermann:1997,
  author =	"Gerhard D. Wassermann",
  title =	"From Occam's Razor to the roots of consciousness:
                 20 essays on philosophy, philosophy of science and
                 philosophy of mind",
  publisher =	"Avebury",
  address =     "",
  year =	"1997"
}

@Book{Watson:1991,
  author =	"James D. Watson",
  title =	"The double helix: {A} personal account of the
                 discovery of the structure of {DNA}",
  publisher =	"New American Library",
  address =     "New York",
  year =	"1991"
}

@techreport{Weinberg70b,
 author		= {Weinberg, R.},
 title		= {Computer Simulation of a Primitive, Evolving
		  Eco-System},
 institution	= {University of Michigan},
 address        = {Ann Arbor},
 number		= {03296-6-T},
 year		= 1970,
 keywords		= {automata-biol,models-computer,ecosystem},
 annote		= {Application of the genetic algorithm to
		  simulated populations of bacteria. The 40 loci on
		  the genetic instruction string are indexed in order
		  to make use of the {\em inversion} operator.}}

@Book{Wesson91,
  author = 	 {Robert Wesson},
  title = 	 {Beyond natural selection},
  year = 	 1991,
  address =     "Cambridge, Mass.",
  publisher = 	 {Bradford Books/MIT Press}
}

@Book{Whitehead+Russell:1910,
  author =       "Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell",
  year =         "1910",
  title =        "Principia mathematica",
  publisher =    "Cambridge University Press",
  address =      "Cambridge"
}

@Article{Whitehead95,
  author = 	 {Steven D. Whitehead and Long-Ji Lin},
  title = 	 {Reinforcement learning of a non-{M}arkov decision process},
  journal = 	 {Art. Intell.},
  year = 	 1995,
  volume =	 73,
 number =       "1--2", 
  pages =	 {271--306}
}

@Book{Wickler68,
  author = 	 {Wolfgang Wickler},
  title = 	 {Mimicry in plants and animals},
  publisher = 	 {World University Library},
  year = 	 1968,
  address =	 {New York}
}

@book{Wiener48,
 author		= {Wiener, N.},
 title		= {Cybernetics, or control and communication in the
		  animal and the machine},
 publisher	= {John Wiley},
 address	= {New York},
 year		= 1948,
 keywords		= {refs-general,cybernetics},
 annote		= {Wiener's classic book on
		  cybernetics. Second edition with additions published
		  in 1961.}}

@Book{Wills89,
  author = 	 {Christopher Wills},
  title = 	 {The wisdom of the genes},
  publisher = 	 {Basic Books},
  year = 	 1989,
  address =	 {New York}
}

@Article{Wilson94,
  author = 	 {Stewart W. Wilson},
  title = 	 {{ZCS:} {A} Zeroth Level Classifier System},
  journal = 	 {Evol. Comp.},
  year = 	 1994,
  volume =	 2,
  number =	 1,
  pages =	 {1--18}
}

@book{WilsonEO71,
 author		= {Wilson, E. O.},
 title		= {The insect societies},
 publisher	= {Belknap Press of Harvard University Press},
 address	= {Cambridge, Mass.},
 year		= 1971,
 keywords		= {colony,coop-behave,refs-general},
 annote		= {Social insects provide some of the most
		  accessible natural examples of the manner in which
		  complex behavior emerges from the collective
		  behavior of relatively simple entities. This book
		  provides a detailed overview of the social insects
		  and includes an extensive bibliography.}}

@book{WilsonEO75,
 author		= {Wilson, E. O.},
 title		= {Sociobiology: {T}he new synthesis},
 publisher	= {Belknap Press of Harvard University Press},
 address	= {Cambridge, Mass.},
 year		= 1975,
 keywords		= {soc-bio,refs-general},
 annote		= {The classic treatise on the genetic
		  determination of social behavior. Sociobiology has
		  started an enormous controversy within the social
		  sciences concerning the relative importance of {\em
		  {\em nature (genetics)} vs. {\em nurture (culture)}}
		  in the determination of behavior.}}

@book{Wol94,
 author		= {Stephen Wolfram},
 title		= {Cellular automata and complexity},
 year		= 1994,
 address =      "Reading, Mass.",
 publisher	= {Addison-Wesley}}

@article{Wolfram83,
 author		= {Wolfram, S.},
 title		= {Statistical Mechanics of Cellular Automata},
 journal	= {Rev. Mod. Phys.},
 volume		= 55,
 number =       "3", 
 pages		= {601--644},
 year		= 1983,
 keywords		= {CA automata-theory models-physics refs-general
		  refs-bottomup dynamics  complex chaos},
 annote		= {Important paper largely responsible for the
		  resurgence of interest in cellular automata.}}

@article{Wolfram84,
 author		= {Stephen Wolfram},
 title		= {Computation theory of cellular automata},
 journal	= {Comm. Math. Phys.},
 year		= 1984,
 volume		= 96,
 number =       "1", 
 pages		= {15--57}}

@article{Wolfram84a,
 author		= {Wolfram, S.},
 title		= {Cellular Automata as Models of Complexity},
 journal	= {Nature},
 volume		= 311,
 number		= 4,
 pages		= {419--424},
 year		= 1984,
 keywords		= {CA complex refs-general refs-bottomup dynamics
		  chaos models-physics},
 annote		= {A well written account of the manner in
		  which complex dynamics can emerge from simple
		  components.}}

@article{Wolfram84b,
 author		= {Wolfram, S.},
 title		= {Universality and Complexity in Cellular Automata},
 journal	= {Physica D},
 volume		= 10,
 number =       "1--2", 
 pages		= {1--35},
 year		= 1984,
 keywords		= {CA automata-theory models-physics refs-general
		  refs-bottomup dynamics complex chaos},
 annote		= {Identifies four qualitative classes of CA
		  dynamics.}}

@book{Wolfram86,
 editor		= {Wolfram, S.},
 title		= {Theory and applications of cellular automata},
 publisher	= {World Scientific},
 address	= {Singapore},
 year		= 1986,
 annote		= {Collection of papers on CA's. Contains an
		  extensive bibliography.}}

@InCollection{alife92:hillis,
  author =       "W. Daniel Hillis",
  title =        "Co-evolving Parasites Improve Simulated Evolution as
                 an Optimization Procedure",
  booktitle =    "Artificial life II",
  publisher =    "Addison-Wesley",
  year =         "1992",
  pages =        "313--324",
  address =     "Redwood City, Calif.",
  wroingaddress =      "Santa Fe Institute, New Mexico, USA",
  editor =       "Christopher G. Langton and Charles Taylor and J. Doyne
                 Farmer and Steen Rasmussen",
  volume =       "10",
  keywords =     "genetic algorithms",
  series =       "Sante Fe Institute Studies in the Sciences of
                 Complexity",
  abstract =     "Evolves sorting networks. Tests evolved at same time
                 lead to better solutions. Also aim to reduced testing
                 effort.",
  notes =        "Not in index, see page 313-324",
  size =         "12 pages"
}


@Book{caudill90naturally,
  author =       "M. Caudill and Charles Butler",
  title =        "Naturally intelligent systems",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  year =         "1990",
  address =      "Cambridge, Mass."
}

@InCollection{crutchfield89computation,
  author =       "J. P. Crutchfield and K. Young",
  title =        "Computation at the onset of chaos",
  booktitle =    "Complexity, entropy and the physics of information",
  editor =       "W. Zurek",
  publisher =    "Addison-Wesley",
  address =      "Reading, Mass.",
  year =         "1989"
}

@Book{gj79,
  author =       "M. R. Garey and D. S. Johnson",
  title =        "Computers and intractability: {A} guide to the theory of
                 {NP}-completeness",
  year =         "1979",
  publisher =    "W. H. Freeman",
  address =     "New York"
}


@Book{j-nndcl-90,
  author =       "J. S. Judd",
  title =        "Neural network design and the complexity of learning",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =     "Cambridge, Mass.",
  year =         "1990",
  annote =       "This is authors Ph.D thesis from 1988, from Univ. of
                 MA. at Amherst"
}

@Book{koza:book,
  author =       "John R. Koza",
  title =        "Genetic programming: {O}n the programming of computers
                 by natural selection",
  year =         "1992",
  publisher =    "MIT Press",
  address =      "Cambridge, Mass.",
  keywords =     "genetic algorithms, genetic programming, text book",
  ISBN =         "0-262-11170-5"
}

@book{o-cgc-94,
 author =      "J. {O'Rourke}",
 title =       "Computational geometry in {C}",
 publisher =   "Cambridge University Press",
 address	= {Cambridge},
 year =        1994,
 comments =    "ISBN 0-521-44592-2/Pb \$28.95,
                ISBN 0-521-44034-3/Hc \$64.95.
                Cambridge University Press
                40 West 20th Street
                New York, NY 10011-4211
                1-800-872-7423
                346+xi pages, 228 exercises, 200 figures, 219 references.
                C code and errata available by anonymous ftp from
                grendel.csc.smith.edu (131.229.222.23),
                in the directory /pub/compgeom; Third Printing: Dec. 1995
                http://www.cup.org/moreinfo/howtoorder.html"
}

@Article{s-ftiip1-64,
  title =        "A Formal Theory of Inductive Inference: {P}art {I}",
  author =       "R. J. Solomonoff",
  pages =        "1--22",
  journal =      "Info. and Control",
  year =         "1964",
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1"
}

@Article{s-ftiip2-64,
  author =       "R. J. Solomonoff",
  title =        "A Formal Theory of Inductive Inference: {P}art {II}",
  journal =      "Information and Control",
  volume =       "7",
  number =       "1",
  year =         "1964",
  pages =        "224--254",
  comment =      "Continues Part I. Inference of probabilities and
                 grammars."
}

@Book{stran80,
  author =       "Gilbert Strang",
  title =        "Linear algebra and its applications",
  year =         "1980",
  publisher =    "Harcourt Brace Jovanovich",
  address =      "San Diego",
}

@TechReport{wolpert95no,
  author =       "D. H. Wolpert and W. G. Macready",
  title =        "No Free Lunch Theorems for Search",
  institution =  "The Santa Fe Institute",
  address =      "Santa Fe, N.M.",
  year =         "1995",
  number =       "SFI-TR-95-02-010"
}